Observational study on Chronic intake of amlodipine and its side effects as skin pigmentation on the legs near ankles

Paul, Newton (2025) Observational study on Chronic intake of amlodipine and its side effects as skin pigmentation on the legs near ankles. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 23 (2). pp. 176-182. ISSN 2582-5542

High blood pressure (hypertension) is a chronic cardiovascular disorder characterized by sustained elevation of arterial pressure, leading to increased cardiac workload, vascular remodelling, and heightened risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Persistent hypertension increases systemic vascular resistance, forcing the left ventricle to pump against higher afterload, which can result in left ventricular hypertrophy and impaired cardiac function over time. Amlodipine, a long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, is widely prescribed for hypertension and angina due to its potent vasodilatory effects and favourable safety profile. Although generally well tolerated, rare cases of cutaneous hyperpigmentation have been reported with chronic use. The exact mechanism remains unclear but is hypothesized to involve drug-induced photosensitivity, increased melanin synthesis, or deposition of drug–melanin complexes in the dermis. In some cases, hemosiderin deposition from localized capillary leakage secondary to vasodilation has also been reported. Clinically, pigmentation often presents as diffuse or patchy brownish discoloration, typically in sun-exposed areas or the lower extremities, and may be reversible upon discontinuation of the drug.