A review of online scams and financial frauds in the digital age

Kipngetich, Amos (2025) A review of online scams and financial frauds in the digital age. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 22 (1). pp. 302-329. ISSN 2582-4597

The rapid proliferation of digital technologies has revolutionized the global economy and transformed how individuals and businesses interact. However, this digital transformation has also given rise to a surge in online scams and financial frauds, posing significant threats to individuals, organizations, and financial institutions. This review paper explores the evolving landscape of online scams and financial frauds in the digital age, focusing on prevalent schemes such as phishing, identity theft, online payment fraud, cryptocurrency-related scams, and social engineering attacks. It examines the methods employed by cybercriminals, the psychological and technological factors that make victims susceptible, and the socioeconomic impacts of these fraudulent activities. The paper also highlights the roles of legislation, cybersecurity advancements, and public awareness in combating digital fraud. By synthesizing current research, case studies, and global trends, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges posed by online scams and financial frauds and outlines effective strategies to mitigate their impact in an increasingly connected world.