Fusion of hyperspectral imaging and object detection for early disease diagnosis in resource-limited healthcare systems

Diekuu, John Bosco (2025) Fusion of hyperspectral imaging and object detection for early disease diagnosis in resource-limited healthcare systems. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 25 (2). pp. 385-405. ISSN 2581-9615

The fusion of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and advanced object detection techniques holds transformative potential for early disease diagnosis, particularly in resource-limited healthcare systems. Hyperspectral imaging, which captures detailed spectral information across numerous wavelength bands, enables the detection of subtle physiological changes that are often imperceptible in conventional imaging methods. This non-invasive imaging modality provides comprehensive insights into tissue composition, facilitating the early identification of diseases such as cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and skin disorders. However, the high-dimensional nature of HSI data presents challenges in processing and analysis, necessitating the integration of sophisticated object detection algorithms. Object detection, powered by machine learning and deep learning models, enhances the capability to identify and classify pathological features within hyperspectral datasets with high precision and efficiency. Techniques such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and region-based convolutional neural networks (R-CNNs) have proven effective in extracting critical features and localizing disease-specific patterns in HSI data. The fusion of these technologies not only improves diagnostic accuracy but also optimizes computational resources, making them suitable for deployment in healthcare systems with limited infrastructure. In resource-constrained environments, where access to advanced diagnostic tools is limited, the combined application of HSI and object detection can bridge critical gaps. By enabling rapid, accurate, and cost-effective disease screening, this approach enhances early diagnosis and improves patient outcomes. This study explores the methodologies, applications, and potential challenges of integrating hyperspectral imaging with object detection, emphasizing its role in advancing healthcare delivery in under-resourced settings.