Correlation between pain intensity and inflammatory biomarkers IL-6 and IL-2 in cesarean section patients under spinal anesthesia using standard analgesia at prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah general hospital

Hartawan, Utara and Suwarayu, Ayu and Subagiartha, I Made and Aryabiantara, I Wayan and Widnyana, I Made Gede and Senapathi, Tjokorda Gde Agung (2025) Correlation between pain intensity and inflammatory biomarkers IL-6 and IL-2 in cesarean section patients under spinal anesthesia using standard analgesia at prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah general hospital. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 32 (1). pp. 341-346. ISSN 2581-3250

Background: Postoperative pain remains one of the major challenges in post-cesarean section management. Spinal anesthesia is often chosen as the primary anesthetic technique due to its ability to reduce stress and inflammatory responses following surgery. This study aims to investigate the correlation between pain intensity and the levels of IL-6 and IL-2 in patients undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia and standard analgesia. Methods: This is an analytical observational study designed to analyze the correlation between pain intensity and IL-6 and IL-2 levels in cesarean section patients receiving spinal anesthesia and standard analgesia. Data were collected by measuring pain scores (NRS) and cytokine levels preoperatively and 24 hours postoperatively. Correlations were analyzed using the Spearman test, and changes in the IL-6/IL-2 ratio were compared between the preoperative and postoperative phases. Results: The study showed that the majority of patients experienced mild to moderate postoperative pain (mean NRS = 3.76). There was a significant positive correlation between postoperative pain intensity and IL-6 levels (p = 0.030), supporting the role of IL-6 as an inflammatory mediator associated with pain. However, no significant correlation was found between pain and IL-2 levels (p > 0.05). The IL-6/IL-2 ratio between the preoperative and postoperative phases showed no significant difference (p = 0.339). Conclusion: There is a correlation between pain intensity (NRS) and IL-6, but no significant correlation between NRS and IL-2. The changes in the IL-6/IL-2 ratio before and after surgery also showed no significant difference.