Does Obesity have a role in developing prostate cancer?

Kansal, Gaurav and Goyal, Naveen (2025) Does Obesity have a role in developing prostate cancer? GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 32 (1). pp. 308-312. ISSN 2581-3250

Obesity has emerged as a significant public health concern globally, with growing evidence linking it to the development and progression of various malignancies, including prostate cancer. This abstract explores the role of obesity in the etiology and pathogenesis of prostate cancer, highlighting potential biological mechanisms and clinical implications. Epidemiological studies suggest that obese men may have an increased risk of developing aggressive and advanced prostate cancer, although the association with overall prostate cancer incidence remains controversial. Several mechanisms may underlie this relationship, including hormonal imbalances, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and alterations in adipokine levels. Obesity is associated with reduced levels of testosterone and increased estrogen, which may contribute to carcinogenesis in prostate tissue. Additionally, chronic low-grade inflammation in obese individuals promotes a tumor-friendly microenvironment by producing cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Insulin resistance and elevated levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) also play a key role in promoting cellular proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis, thus facilitating tumor growth and progression. Obesity may further complicate prostate cancer diagnosis and management. Increased body mass index (BMI) is often associated with lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, potentially leading to delayed detection and underdiagnosis. Moreover, obese patients tend to have poorer treatment outcomes and higher rates of recurrence following interventions such as surgery or radiation therapy. Understanding the link between obesity and prostate cancer is crucial for developing targeted prevention strategies and improving patient outcomes. Weight management, lifestyle modifications, and early screening protocols may be particularly important in high-risk obese populations. Future research is warranted to clarify the biological pathways involved and to determine whether interventions targeting obesity can reduce prostate cancer incidence and mortality. In conclusion, obesity appears to play a significant role in the development and progression of prostate cancer, making it an important modifiable risk factor in disease prevention and control.