Recent advances in synthesis, characterization and energy storage performance of bio-engineered activated carbon for supercapacitors

Oresegun, Olakunle I and Obanla, Oyinlola Rukayat and ADEYI, Timothy Adewale and Rahman, Mohammed Issa Abdul and Mekunye, Francis and Antwi, Moses and Abiodun, Olorunfemi Dolapo (2025) Recent advances in synthesis, characterization and energy storage performance of bio-engineered activated carbon for supercapacitors. Open Access Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 8 (1). 017-031. ISSN 2783-0128

With the growing demand for sustainable, high-performance energy storage solutions, research into bio-engineered activated carbon as an affordable and environmentally friendly supercapacitor electrode material has gained momentum. This review critically examines recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and energy storage capabilities of bio-derived activated carbon. Advanced characterization techniques have provided valuable insights into the structural, chemical, and morphological properties of these materials. The review emphasizes the role of micro/mesoporous structures and surface functionalities in enhancing specific capacitance, energy density, and cycling stability. However, challenges such as scalability, consistency, and conductivity remain. Emerging strategies to address these issues, including material functionalization, hybrid electrode systems, and sustainable production methods, are explored. The review also discusses the future potential of bio-engineered activated carbon in next-generation energy storage devices, particularly flexible and wearable supercapacitors, highlighting its transformative role in advancing sustainable energy technologies.