Molecular insights into inflammatory markers in chronic kidney disease

Obasuyi, Grace Eleojo (2025) Molecular insights into inflammatory markers in chronic kidney disease. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 27 (1). pp. 2294-2309. ISSN 2581-9615

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a slow progressive disease with persistent inflammation as well as kidney tissue injury leading to dysfunctional kidney function with high morbidity. We explored in this project the molecular as well as CKD inflammatory-associated epigenetic pathways as well as assessed prospective treatments of pathway interfering. Through biochemical assay, histopathological analysis, as well as molecular biology methods, we investigated inflammatory mediators including NF-κB, JAK/STAT, as well as NLRP3 inflammasome activation with concomitant pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β as well as acute-phase reactants CRP, SAA. Our outcomes unveiled high CKD subjects' systemic inflammatory profile with high kidney tissue injury prevalence with concomitant fibrosis. Epigenetic alterations—DNA methylation shifts, histone modifications, as well as dysregulated microRNA expression—were further unveiled as initiators of persistent inflammatory response as well as disease progression. Therapeutic intervention of anti-inflammatory drugs with concomitant epigenetic regulators suppressed inflammatory biomarkers substantially with corresponding histopathological injury decline. Our discovery points to specificity of CKD pathogenesis understanding insight of combining molecular pathways of inflammatory response with those of molecular pathways of epigenetic regulation. More importantly, our exploration points towards a prospective treatment of dual-targeting to interrupt inflammatory-epigenetic vicious transmission loop thus capping disease progression. Our exploration takes a step further towards a comprehensive CKD molecular as well as an epigenetic syllabus as well as understanding of new precision medicine treatments for superior clinical effects with a glimpse of prospective new clinical trials for eventual proof of concept into delicate treatment regimens.