AI-driven image classification for early detection of crop diseases

Rajput, Rijul (2025) AI-driven image classification for early detection of crop diseases. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 27 (1). pp. 650-658. ISSN 2581-9615

Crop diseases pose a significant threat to agricultural productivity and food security. Early detection is essential for effective disease management and timely intervention. However, the limitations of human vision often lead to delayed identification, typically after the disease has already caused considerable damage. To address this challenge, we present a custom-built Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model designed to accelerate and improve the accuracy of plant disease detection. Our model was thoroughly trained and evaluated using a variety of datasets featuring apple, corn, and tomato crops, sourced primarily from platforms like Kaggle. Unlike conventional classification models that are often tailored to specific datasets, our model is designed to handle images taken under diverse lighting conditions, orientations, and resolutions, making it adaptable to a wide range of real-world farm environments. Through a structured training and validation process, our CNN consistently achieved testing accuracies of between 97% and 99% across all datasets. These results significantly outperform many existing CNN-based approaches to crop disease detection. The broader implications of this work are substantial for agriculture and crop management. By integrating our AI-powered detection system, we not only tackle immediate agricultural challenges but also contribute to addressing global concerns such as food insecurity and environmental sustainability. Early disease detection using our model aids in minimizing crop losses and optimizing resource usage, thereby supporting the growing demands of a rising global population and mitigating the effects of environmental stress on food systems. Nonetheless, it is important to recognize that, as a classification model, it may exhibit reduced accuracy when analyzing images that include unrelated visual elements. Overall, this research highlights the pivotal role that AI-based technologies can play in strengthening agricultural resilience and advancing global food security.