Antibiogram survey of enterobacteriaceae species isolated from fecal droppings of pigeon birds in four local government of Sokoto state, Nigeria

Hauwa’u, B. A and Muhammd, U.K. and Bello, A. (2025) Antibiogram survey of enterobacteriaceae species isolated from fecal droppings of pigeon birds in four local government of Sokoto state, Nigeria. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 16 (1). pp. 1479-1488. ISSN 2582-8185

The threat of antibiotic- resistant bacteria in the public health sector has been on the rise throughout the world especially in the developing and underdeveloped world probably due to rising population and poverty. The main habitats and carriers of Enterobacteriacea species are humans, plants and animals such as birds, food stuff, soil and fecal matter This work is aimed at finding epidemiological studies and antibiogram survey of some members of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from fecal droppings of domesticated (pigeon) birds. fecal droppings of domesticated (pigeon) birds from 60 houses were collected from each of the four local government areas making a total of 60 samples. The samples were then investigated for the presence of Enterobacteriaceae species. The isolated species were then subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test using twelve antibiotic discs. The results showed that 10(16.66) sample analyzed using biochemical characterization reveal Salmonella, E. Coli, Klebsiella and Proteus species. The overall isolation rate of Salmonella (50%), E. Coli (20%), Klebsiella (20%) and Proteus (10%). Sensitivity test reveal that five isolates from fecal droppings of pigeon birds were resistant to more than five antibiotics applied, which include Augmentine, gentamycin, nalidixic acid, Nitrofuranton, Ampiclox and cefexime. The result also showed that out of 10 isolates, five (5) are multidrug resistant. Among the five multi drug resistant isolates only three harbor blaTEM gene,but bla SHV and bla CTX were not detected in the study.The presence of the bla TEM gene indicated that the gene may allow the spread of resistant gene to other bacteria This resistance profile aligns with global concerns regarding antibiotic efficacy, as highlighted by the World Health Organization, particularly with growing resistance to essential antibiotics. These findings underscore the role of domesticated birds as potential vectors of multidrug-resistant pathogens, which could have significant public health implications. Given the risk of transmission to humans and animals, these results highlight an urgent need for intervention strategies aimed at controlling the spread of resistant bacteria within environmental and domestic settings.