Bio-characterization of the infectious forms of intestinal protozoan and helminthes in the streams and wells of the municipality of Bafia (Cameroon) and relationship to environmental factors

Ndjengue, Joseph Désiré Ngono and Atud, Asi Quiggle and Namekong, Pierre Tsomene and Aghaindum, Ajeagah Gideon and Elambo, Nkeng Georges (2025) Bio-characterization of the infectious forms of intestinal protozoan and helminthes in the streams and wells of the municipality of Bafia (Cameroon) and relationship to environmental factors. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 26 (3). pp. 2102-2109. ISSN 2581-9615

Water is essential for all life but it can also be a source or vector of many diseases and therefore cause death. The objective of this work is to analyze the quality of water in the streams and wells of the Council of Bafia (Central Region) in relation to water quality. The organoleptic parameters are determined by a spectrophotometer which allows the measurement of organoleptic variables such as Suspended Matter (MES); Color; Turbidity and Ammoniacal nitrogen. The Kato-Katz technique is the World Health Organization (WHO) “gold standard” that is used to assess the prevalence and infection intensity of soil and water transmitted protozoan and helminths. The formol-ether-concentration method is commonly used for the diagnosis of infectious protozoan and helminths. Organoleptic variables vary in streams, with TSS with 95mg/L, Color higher with 295 Pt. Co, Turbidity and Ammonia with an average of 0.4 mg/L in streams. Cryptosporidium sp has an average of 10-300 oocysts, Cyclospora sp is 225 oocysts and Balantidium has cysts in the first outing. In the second outing Cryptosporidium sp has an average of 200 oocysts, Cyclospora sp is 20 oocysts in the streams. In the first outing, the larva of Strongyloides is 50 larva and 25 oocysts for Diphyllobothrium in the second outing, there were no eggs identified. In the first outing, the larva of Strongyloides is 50 larva and 25 oocysts for Diphyllobothrium in the second outing, there were no eggs identified. It is necessary for researchers and scientists to understand protozoa and helminths and develop necessary tools to detect and eradicate them from the environment. Proper diagnostic and treatment technologies should be adopted in water reuse schemes to stop the spread of protozoa and helminth eggs in the environment.