Drug induced liver injury: A comprehensive review of mechanism, different types of drugs and case reports

GARI, ANUSHA MALA SANJEEVAPPA and BHANDARU, SREE REKHA and POLA, TEJASWINI and KORIMELLI, SRIDEVI and MINI, SHEENA (2025) Drug induced liver injury: A comprehensive review of mechanism, different types of drugs and case reports. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 23 (1). pp. 519-527. ISSN 2582-5542

Liver is a vital organ to playing crucial role in maintaining overall health like detoxification, metabolism, bile production, and immune function, liver injury is the condition which effects the overall function in the body, it occurs due to excessive use of alcohol, continuous usage of drugs, based on the age, and hereditary, explaining about the classification of different drugs and their percentage to cause the liver injury Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a significant contributor to acute liver failure, that can vary from slight increases in liver enzymes to serious hepatotoxicity. Its mechanisms are multifactorial, involving drug metabolism, immune responses, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and necropsy. Monitoring blood parameters such as SGPT, SGOT, bilirubin, and coagulation markers is essential for diagnosis and management. This review examines DILI mechanisms associated with atorvastatin, diclofenac, doxycycline, phenytoin, and amiodarone through case reports. Atorvastatin induces hepatotoxicity in 63 years old farmer taking continuously, doxycycline induces liver injury in 28 years male he prescribed doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 14 days he got elevation of liver enzymes, 94 years old man was suddenly fall The only new medication was topical diclofenac 1%, which he had been applying to all his joints and the lateral aspects of his legs after medical check his liver enzyme levels are elevated, Phenytoin is the choice of drug to treat epilepsy it produce hepatotoxicity in 50 years old female by prescribing and continues usage, Amiodarone is choice of drug to treat arrhythmia, which showing slight increase in liver enzymes.