Real-time geospatial risk analytics pipeline: architecture diagram of Kafka-Kubernetes feature engineering system for insurance underwriting

Malhotra, Arjun (2025) Real-time geospatial risk analytics pipeline: architecture diagram of Kafka-Kubernetes feature engineering system for insurance underwriting. World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences, 15 (2). pp. 2673-2679. ISSN 2582-8266

This article presents a scalable real-time feature engineering architecture for insurance risk analytics that leverages Kafka, Kubernetes, and Elasticsearch to enable instant decision-making in regulated environments. The article streamed event data through stateful transformations while maintaining regulatory compliance, with particular focus on geographic risk concentration analysis using Census Block data and advanced spatial algorithms. The architecture implements bidirectional feedback loops that continuously refine feature importance weights based on quote outcomes, while comprehensive audit trails and data lineage tracking ensure complete traceability for regulatory oversight. Performance benchmarks demonstrate significant improvements over traditional batch processing approaches, with the architecture enabling sub-second feature extraction even during peak load periods. The article contributes architectural patterns for stateful stream processing, spatial risk aggregation methodologies, and validation frameworks specifically designed for the stringent requirements of insurance underwriting.