Technical review: Edge-side Includes (ESI) for composition at CDN Level

Shaik, Shafi (2025) Technical review: Edge-side Includes (ESI) for composition at CDN Level. World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences, 15 (2). pp. 2333-2340. ISSN 2582-8266

Edge-side Includes (ESI) represents a transformative technology in web content delivery optimization, enabling developers to designate page elements as fragments that can be processed independently at Content Delivery Network (CDN) edges. This technical review explores how ESI functions as a markup language that facilitates fragment-based caching while allowing dynamic assembly closer to end users. The architecture of ESI features specialized processing engines integrated within CDN infrastructure that interpret directives embedded in HTML content. Implementation strategies covered include fragment identification methodologies, optimal caching policies with time-to-live (TTL) configurations, and edge processing considerations. The document highlights significant benefits such as improved performance through cached static content, reduced origin server loads, enhanced scalability during traffic spikes, efficient personalization support, and bandwidth optimization. Despite these advantages, challenges including architectural complexity, debugging difficulties, CDN dependencies, and developer learning curves must be addressed. Looking forward, ESI continues to evolve alongside emerging technologies like serverless edge functions, API-driven fragments, Web Assembly, and machine learning, while architectural shifts increasingly favor edge-first approaches that fundamentally transform application design principles.