Utilizing the SINBAD score to assess amputation risk in diabetic foot ulcers

Edwards, Alex Arthur and Shaahar, M J (2025) Utilizing the SINBAD score to assess amputation risk in diabetic foot ulcers. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 22 (3). pp. 566-571. ISSN 2582-5542

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) represent a serious complication of diabetes, often resulting in significant morbidity and limb loss. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of the SINBAD scoring system—which includes Site, Ischemia, Neuropathy, Bacterial infection, Area, and Depth—in identifying the risk of major foot events, particularly amputations, in patients with DFUs. Material and Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out at Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences from November 2023 to November 2024. A total of 150 patients diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcers and meeting the eligibility criteria were enrolled. The SINBAD scoring system was applied to evaluate ulcer severity and its correlation with clinical outcomes. Results: The study population consisted mainly of male patients (63%), with mean ages of 62 years for males and 50 years for females. Ulcers exceeding 1 cm² were found in 97% of cases, with 68% being superficial and 93% located on the forefoot. A SINBAD score of 2 was the most frequently observed (58%). All patients scoring 2 achieved wound healing without amputation, while a SINBAD score of 6 was associated with a 100% amputation rate. The data revealed a progressive rise in amputation risk with increasing SINBAD scores. Conclusion: The SINBAD scoring system is a practical and reliable method for predicting the likelihood of amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. It offers a structured approach for assessing ulcer severity and guiding treatment decisions. Further research is necessary to confirm these results across broader populations and to develop focused strategies for reducing amputation rates in high-risk individuals.