Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease by using genetic biomarkers

Cheung, Mary Ngan Bing and Cheung, Chang King and Loo, Wings Tjing Yung and Loo, Preston Corliss (2025) Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease by using genetic biomarkers. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 22 (3). pp. 376-385. ISSN 2582-5542

Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients show gradually lose ability of memory and interpretation, eventually losing the ability to perform the simplest of tasks. Currently, neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers are more established methods for detecting AD with high accuracy. Multimodal techniques combined with new deep learning methods can improve the quality of assessment and accurately predict the staging of AD patients. Continuously improving diagnostic methods will pave the way for the future development of promising and effective tools that can simply and accurately detect AD and other neurological disorders at an early stage. While cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers Tau (Tau, Aβ, and neuronal damage), structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and PET imaging have proven to have good results in the diagnosis of AD. Blood biomarkers offer the advantage of effective monitoring of disease progression. Blood biomarker clinical applications will be more affordable, facilitate clinical accessibility, and allow for efficient population screening by accurately predicting AD at an earlier stage in an individual's life in the future. Alzheimer's disease places an enormous burden on patients, their families and caregivers, as well as on the health and social care system and society as a whole. As life expectancy increases worldwide, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is on the rise, and in order to improve the quality of life of older adults, it is urgent to find ways to prevent or delay the onset of the disease and subsequent dementia. While there are currently no drugs on the market that can reverse the initial pathological changes associated with the disease, early diagnosis in the disease course provides time for all involved to make adjustments so that the patient himself can still be actively involved in the treatment process. As a result, many patients without severe symptoms can live for many years with a good quality of life with access to the best treatment and resources.