Relation of ABO blood groups to the lipid profile in hypertension

Ngwu, Amauche Martina and Aniodo, Rita Chidinma and Oliver, Anne Adaku (2025) Relation of ABO blood groups to the lipid profile in hypertension. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 22 (3). pp. 369-375. ISSN 2582-5542

It is well established that no disease had developed due to lack of expression of ABO blood group antigens, but the susceptibility to some diseases has been linked with an individual's ABO phenotype. This study is aimed at determining the relation of ABO blood groups to the lipid profile in hypertensive subjects. Lipid profile and blood group was determined in sixty-eight (68) hypertensive subjects aged 35-70 years and thirty (30) non-hypertensive apparently healthy individuals. Blood group, blood pressure and lipid profile such as Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), High density lipoprotein (HDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were evaluated from the blood collected from the patients using standard methods. The ABO and rhesus blood group of subjects was carried out by standard tile technique. Data were analyzed for statistical significance using t-test and Pearson correlation. The results obtained show that the level of triglycerides (1.369 ± 0.570 mmol/L) was higher in blood group A subjects with hypertension compared to blood group A control subjects (0.861 ± 0.259 mmol/L) (p=0.016). The level of LDL (4.133 ± 1.363 mmol/L) was higher in blood group B subjects with hypertension compared to blood group B control subjects (2.150 ± 1.015 mmol/L) (p=0.006). There was a significant correlation between total cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure in blood group A subjects (p = 0.012, r = 0.672). Again, there was a significant positive correlation between LDL and systolic blood pressure in blood group A subjects (p = 0.010, r = 0.685). The correlation between systolic and diastolic blood pressure with the other variables in blood group O and rhesus D positive subjects were not statistically significant. Triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein were higher in blood group A and Blood group B with hypertension. There was a significant positive correlation between total cholesterol, LDL and systolic blood pressure in blood group “A” individuals.