Gun violence as a public health issue: a mental health assessment of survivors in Jema’a local government area, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Adekeye, Oluwatoyosi Ayobami and Musa, Umoti Yakdum (2025) Gun violence as a public health issue: a mental health assessment of survivors in Jema’a local government area, Kaduna State, Nigeria. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 22 (2). pp. 110-119. ISSN 2582-5542

Introduction: Over the past twenty years, Kaduna State. Northwest Nigeria has experienced recurrent civil unrest patterned along religious and ethnic lines. Exposure to recurrent violence is a significant risk factor that predisposes survivors to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The paucity of data on the prevalence of gun violence, homicide survivorship, and its relationship to mental health disorders like PTSD premised this project. This study determined the prevalence of gun violence in Jema'a LGA, assessed the effects of gun violence on the mental health of survivors, and ascertained the availability of health interventions aimed at improving the health outcomes of survivors in Jema'a LGA, Kaduna state. Method: A cross-sectional study design utilizing an adapted researcher-administered semi-structured survey was used. Primary data were collected from 399 adult participants between ages 18 and older. Using the multi-stage sampling technique, Takau was selected via Simple Random Sampling by Balloting without replacement for the research study due to proximity and security reasons. Result: The findings of this study revealed significantly positive outcomes in several key areas. First, the research identified a notable prevalence of gun violence in Jema'a LGA, shedding light on the extent of this issue in the region. The data collected indicated a substantial and tangible presence of gun violence, emphasizing the urgency of addressing this concern. Furthermore, the study revealed a significant link between exposure to gun violence and mental health outcomes, particularly in the context of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The research uncovered that survivors of gun violence in Jema'a LGA exhibited higher rates of PTSD, highlighting the critical need for mental health support and interventions in the region. Additionally, the research highlighted the paucity of ongoing health interventions. This implies a significantly negative impact, contributing to a long awaiting mental health recovery period for survivors. Conclusion: This research provides compelling evidence that addressing the prevalence of gun violence in Jema'a LGA and implementing effective mental health interventions can yield significantly positive outcomes. It underscores the importance of understanding the historical context of violence and conflict in the region. It offers valuable insights into improving the overall well-being of survivors of gun violence in Nigeria.