Investigation of antioxidant properties in the aqueous extract of apple (Malus pumila)

Adeniran, Temilade R and Oladiji, Adenike T and Ezennubia, Kelechi P (2025) Investigation of antioxidant properties in the aqueous extract of apple (Malus pumila). World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 22 (2). 038-048. ISSN 2582-5542

This research examined the antioxidant properties of Malus pumila (Granny Smith apples) extract using a range of in vitro assays. The antioxidant potential was assessed through five methods: DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical) and ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and measurement of ascorbic acid content. Results showed that the extract exhibited notable antioxidant activity, especially at lower concentrations (10–20 μl/ml), where it performed comparably to, and in some cases better than, the standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid. In both the DPPH and ABTS assays, the extract showed strong free radical scavenging capabilities, suggesting its effectiveness in protecting cells from oxidative damage. The extract also demonstrated a good ability to reduce ferric ions (Fe³⁺) to their more bioavailable ferrous form (Fe²⁺), reinforcing its ability to improve antioxidant defense systems. Although its hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity was lower than that of ascorbic acid, the overall performance of Malus pumila suggests it is a valuable natural source of antioxidants. These results show the fruit's potential use in managing oxidative stress-related conditions and support its possible application in health-promoting diets or therapeutic formulations.