Overview on GBS- Guillain Barre Syndrome

Shelar, Gayatri Sharad and Gaund, Simran Santosh and Choure, Ankita Machindra and Bhosale, Dhanshri Tapedas (2025) Overview on GBS- Guillain Barre Syndrome. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 22 (1). pp. 372-382. ISSN 2582-5542

The acute polyneuropathy known as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has varying degrees of weakness and peaks in severity in four weeks. Usually, the illness has a monophasic phase and is preceded by an infection. Immunoglobulin (IVIg) and plasma exchange (PE) both works well for GBS. Surprisingly, steroids by themselves don't work. The primary treatment is typically IVIg, mostly for logistical reasons. Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS), acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), which is more common in Asia and Japan, and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), which is the most common form in the western world, are subtypes of GBS. There are overlap syndromes as well (GBS-MFS overlap). A secondary worsening occurs in around 10% of GBS patients within the first 8 weeks following IVIg treatment. It is necessary to administer IVIg repeatedly to address such a treatment-related fluctuation (TRF). Approximately 5% of people who are first diagnosed with GBS end up having acute onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) (A-CIDP). It is yet unknown if IVIg is also beneficial for individuals with MFS or GBS patients who are still able to walk (referred to as "mildly affected GBS potients"). GBS is still a serious illness even with modern treatment; roughly 25% of patients need artificial ventilation for a few days to months, 20% are still unable to walk after six months, and 3–10% pass away. Furthermore, a lot of patients experience chronic concerns including pain, exhaustion, or other issues that can last for months or even years. Making a diagnosis can sometimes be quite difficult when pain is present before weakening syndrome (GBS) is a rare appears.