Moving from monolithic to microservices architecture for multi-agent systems

Goyal, Muskaan and Bhasin, Pranav (2025) Moving from monolithic to microservices architecture for multi-agent systems. World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences, 15 (1). pp. 2119-2124. ISSN 2582-8266

The transition from monolithic to microservices architecture revolutionized software development by improving scalability and maintainability. This paradigm shift is now becoming relevant for complex multi-agent systems (MAS). This review article explores the evolution from monolithic architecture to microservices architecture in the specific context of MAS. It will highlight the limitations of traditional monolithic MAS and the benefits of adopting a microservices-based approach. The article further examines the core architectural principles and communication protocols, including Agent Communication Languages (ACLs), the Model Context Protocol (MCP), and the Application-to-Application (A2A) protocol. The article identifies emerging architectural patterns, design challenges, and considerations through a comparative lens of the paradigm shift.