Predictive modeling of microbial functionality from 16S rDNA sequences using machine learning

Dalsaniya, Abhaykumar and Beladiya, Urvisha and Kothari, Ramesh K. (2025) Predictive modeling of microbial functionality from 16S rDNA sequences using machine learning. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 21 (2). pp. 545-554. ISSN 2582-5542

This study illustrates the possibilities for the use of machine learning algorithms integrating the prediction of microbial functionality regarding functional 16S rDNA sequences and filling the gap in mapping phylogenetic relations of the microbial context to their functionality. Previous 16S rDNA sequencing strategies have proven useful in describing microbial species, but not their functional potential. This study employed several sophisticated forms of supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms to interpret 16S rDNA data and predict the functional states of microbes in different contexts. The samples were obtained from public sources of genomic data. After the necessary pre-processing, the data were used to train different classifiers, including Random Forests, Support Vector Machines, and Neural networks. The results suggest that functional prediction enhancement using machine learning is effective because the algorithms reveal patterns and correlations in massive multifaceted genetic data. This improved possibility is closely related to areas such as medicine, environmentalism, and the practical application of bioengineering. This study also highlights data heterogeneity and model generalization issues and provides suggestions for improving predictive models for the future scope of microbial genomics.