A review on car-t cell therapy- traditional strategies for cancer treatment

Rajesham, V. V. and Madhuri, K. and Abhiram, M. and Ashmitha, B. and Rao, T. Rama (2025) A review on car-t cell therapy- traditional strategies for cancer treatment. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 21 (1). pp. 114-125. ISSN 2582-5542

Cancer is the world's top cause of death. Numerous cytotoxic immunotherapies and traditional treatments have been created and introduced to the market. The development of a viable immunotherapy that targets cancers at both the cellular and genetic levels is necessary due to the complicated behaviour of tumors and the involvement of multiple genetic and cellular variables in tumorigenesis and metastasis. A new therapeutic T cell engineering technique called chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell treatment involves in vitro altering patient blood-derived T cells to express synthetic receptors that are directed against a particular tumor antigen. The major histocompatibility complex is not involved in these; instead, the tumor antigen is directly identified. The use of this therapy in the last few years has been successful, with a reduction in remission rates of up to 80% for hematologic cancer, particularly for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non‑Hodgkin lymphomas, such as large B cell lymphoma. CAR therapy has the potential to offer a rapid and safer treatment regime to treat non‑solid and solid tumors. CAR-T cell therapy's most significant benefit over other cancer treatments is its quick time intervention a single infusion of CAR T cells. Additionally, the patient only has to be properly cared for and observed for two to three weeks. CAR T cell therapy is considered a "drug of the present day," and because the cells may live in the host body for a long time and have the capacity to continuously identify and eliminate cancer cells after relapse, its effectiveness may last for decades. The present review insight into the structure and evolution of chimeric antigen receptors, we then report on the tools used for production of CAR-T cells. Finally, we address the challenges posed by CAR-T cells.