Outcomes of gallbladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A descriptive study

Introduction: Gallbladder perforation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is a significant complication, occurring in approximately 5% of cases, particularly in acute cholecystitis. It poses challenges to both surgical management and patient outcomes due to the risk of bile spillage and associated infections. This descriptive study aims to evaluate the impact of gallbladder perforation on surgical outcomes, including ileus, site infections, and diarrhea. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the Surgical Emergency and Outpatient Department, involving 225 patients undergoing LC. Inclusion criteria encompassed patients aged 18–70 years, while those with prior abdominal surgeries or open cholecystectomy were excluded. Data collection focused on postoperative complications, stratified by age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Outcomes such as ileus, site infections, and diarrhea were assessed. Results: Gallbladder perforation occurred in 35 patients (15.6%). Among these, 14.3% experienced ileus, 8.6% developed site infections, and 5.7% had diarrhea. Stratified analysis revealed higher rates of ileus and infections in older age groups, with statistical significance observed across specific strata. Male patients comprised 58.7% of the study population, and the average age was 49.22 years, with most patients aged 46–60 years. Discussion: Gallbladder perforation significantly increased the risk of postoperative complications. Early surgical intervention, ideally within 72 hours of symptom onset, is critical to minimize adverse outcomes. Postoperative management strategies, including antibiotics and drainage, were frequently employed but require further research to establish efficacy. Conclusion: Gallbladder perforation during LC is associated with increased morbidity, including ileus, site infections, and diarrhea. Timely surgical intervention and optimized postoperative care are essential to mitigate these complications and improve patient outcomes. Further studies are needed to refine management protocols and enhance surgical safety.