Design of fractional order PID for voltage regulation of an isolated power system using artificial rabbits’ optimization

Diyari, Musa and Araga, Idris and Yunus, Bashir and Mivanyi, Farry (2025) Design of fractional order PID for voltage regulation of an isolated power system using artificial rabbits’ optimization. World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences, 14 (2). pp. 183-198. ISSN 2582-8266

Voltage instability has a detrimental impact on economic productivity as the interruption of essential electrical power equipment leads to unwanted shut down. This instability results from variations in voltage at the generator terminal, which is normally brought on by a change in reactive power at the load center. A well-designed voltage regulation scheme has been devised to ensure that volatility instabilities-related power issues are addressed and mitigated through the Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). An intelligent Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FOPID) controller that was properly tuned for optimal parameters has been integrated to the AVR for better performance. The optimal FOPID gains are obtained by minimizing the selected Fitness Function (FF) that is chosen as Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) in this study, an AVR system equipped with FOPID controller was designed for voltage regulation of an Isolated Power System in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. Artificial Rabbits Optimization (ARO) technique was used in determining the optimal parameters of the FOPID; the results were compared to that of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) tuned FOPID and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) tuned FOPID controller. The voltage profile response obtained for FOPID using ARO have shown a lower overshoot of 20.7% and a faster-settling time(ts) of 1.25s as compared to that of GA and PSO-tuned controllers. The proposed ARO-FOPID AVR design has proven to be effective and essential, as the results demonstrated; it offers the most optimal dynamic response and increased stability among the AVR designs under consideration.