LLM integration in autonomous vehicle systems

Acharya, Rajani (2025) LLM integration in autonomous vehicle systems. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 26 (1). pp. 4107-4116. ISSN 2581-9615

This article examines the transformative impact of Large Language Models (LLMs) on autonomous vehicle technology, analyzing how these advanced AI systems are reshaping the fundamental architecture of self-driving systems. Moving beyond traditional modular pipelines, LLM-powered autonomous vehicles demonstrate enhanced contextual awareness, flexible decision-making, and intuitive human-machine interaction capabilities previously unattainable with conventional approaches. The integration of language model capabilities enables vehicles to process multimodal data streams cohesively, reason about complex driving scenarios, and communicate more effectively with passengers and other road users. Through case studies on industry implementations like Waymo's EMMA and research innovations such as DriveMLM, we identify key methodological advances, performance improvements, and remaining challenges in computational requirements, safety validation, and regulatory compliance. The article highlights promising research directions including hybrid AI architectures, edge computing optimization, and human-centric interaction models that will likely shape the future development of autonomous transportation systems. This convergence of language understanding and physical navigation represents a paradigm shift that promises to accelerate progress toward more capable, adaptable, and socially-aware autonomous vehicles.