The future of networking: How smart NICs, DPDK, and programmable chips are reshaping the industry

Gupta, Pankaj Kumar (2025) The future of networking: How smart NICs, DPDK, and programmable chips are reshaping the industry. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 26 (1). pp. 3192-3204. ISSN 2581-9615

The networking industry is experiencing a fundamental shift as traditional architectures struggle to meet escalating data processing demands. This article examines how three transformative technologies—Smart NICs, DPDK, and programmable networking chips—are reshaping network infrastructure. Smart NICs offload CPU-intensive tasks to dedicated hardware, DPDK accelerates packet processing on standard CPUs, and programmable chips provide line-rate performance with software-defined flexibility. The comparison of these technologies across performance, flexibility, deployment complexity, and economic factors reveals their complementary strengths and optimal use cases. Legacy networking vendors face significant challenges as the industry transitions toward software-defined functionality, open standards, and disaggregation. The integration of AI/ML in network operations, the growing influence of open-source software, and the expansion of edge computing further accelerate this transformation, creating both opportunities and obstacles for established players and newcomers alike.