Review of genetic variations in different generations of COVID-19

Abbas, Maha Diekan and Khleaf, Baqer Saad and Dikain, Kawther Hussein and Kareem, Hawra Thafer (2025) Review of genetic variations in different generations of COVID-19. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 15 (2). pp. 990-1000. ISSN 2582-8185

Significant genetic variances across generations of COVID-19 have resulted from the continuous evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The consequences of these differences on transmission, pathogenicity, and vaccination efficacy are investigated in this work. Public health reactions as well as the creation of sensible treatments and vaccines depend on an awareness of these genetic modifications. Several variants of concern resulting from the genetic variances in SARS-CoV-2 have surfaced with special traits that could affect the path of the epidemic. Transmissibility has revealed variations in these variants; some have spread faster than others, which would result in more cases and possible burden on healthcare systems. Furthermore, certain versions have shown alterations that can influence the capacity of the virus to avoid immunological reactions, therefore casting questions regarding the efficacy of current vaccinations. Our public health plans must change as we keep observing these genetic variations. Managing the effect of COVID-19 will depend critically on surveillance of viral changes in conjunction with continuous study on vaccine improvements. The knowledge gained from the genetic differences in SARS-CoV-2 will not only guide our reaction to this epidemic but also equip us for next infectious disease crises.