Osteoconductivity of biphasic calcium phosphate as a bone graft in bone regeneration process: Scoping review

Introduction: Currently, various biomaterials in the biomedical field have been developed to be utilized as bone grafts. Bone graft is a living tissue that is transplanted into bone defects and thus help the bone healing process. One of the bone grafts that has been developed and has many advantages is Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP). BCP is a combination of Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) and Hydroxyapatite (HA). HA has strong osteoconductive properties but has the disadvantage of low tensile stress and very slow resorbability, while β-TCP is known as a material with fast resorbability. The rate of bone regeneration produced by BCP is faster than the use of HA or β-TCP alone because it has been shown to have strong osteoconductive property. The purpose of this scoping review is to review the literature to determine the osteoconductive properties of BCP as a bone graft in the bone regeneration process. Method: To obtain journal data, a search was conducted using three databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Of the three found 239 journals. Data were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The title, abstract and full text of each study were carefully analysed. Data extraction was made based on histology, histomorphometry, micro-CT, and bone regeneration osteogenic gene expression. Result: There were 40 selected articles and the results showed the osteoconductivity of BCP in accelerating the process of bone regeneration through histology, histomorphometry, micro-CT, and osteogenic gene expression. Conclusion: Osteoconductivity of BCP can be used as bone graft in bone regeneration process.