Mitigating One-Time Passcode (OTP) Fraud: Strengthening authentication against emerging threats

Kothinti, Kedarnath Goud (2025) Mitigating One-Time Passcode (OTP) Fraud: Strengthening authentication against emerging threats. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 26 (1). pp. 1368-1378. ISSN 2581-9615

This article provides a comprehensive examination of the evolving threat landscape surrounding One-Time Passcode (OTP) fraud in financial services and presents advanced mitigation strategies to strengthen authentication security. As financial institutions increasingly rely on OTP-based authentication methods, sophisticated threat actors have developed effective techniques to bypass these security measures through SIM swapping, man-in-the-middle attacks, social engineering, and telecom-level vulnerabilities. The article analyzes these attack vectors while evaluating emerging countermeasures, including AI-driven anomaly detection, behavioral biometrics, FIDO2/WebAuthn implementations, and carrier API integrations for real-time fraud prevention. A multi-layered authentication approach is advocated, combining cryptographic verification, continuous authentication methodologies, and risk-based security orchestration tailored to transaction risk profiles. The article extends to regulatory considerations across global jurisdictions, business impact assessment of authentication investments, and implementation challenges that organizations must navigate. Looking forward, the article explores future authentication paradigms, including zero-trust architectures, quantum-resistant protocols, and decentralized identity frameworks that promise to fundamentally transform authentication security. By synthesizing technical, operational, and strategic perspectives, this article provides financial institutions with actionable recommendations to effectively combat OTP fraud while maintaining positive customer experiences in an increasingly hostile threat environment.