The impact of multiple pregnancies: Exploring maternal age, hemoglobin deficiency, and pregnancy loss

Gunjan, Gunjan and Godha, Meena and Meena, Pragati (2025) The impact of multiple pregnancies: Exploring maternal age, hemoglobin deficiency, and pregnancy loss. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 26 (1). 076-091. ISSN 2581-9615

This study investigated the interrelationships among reproductive history, hematological parameters, and pregnancy loss in a cohort of 56 women with varying reproductive histories. The research examined correlations between number of pregnancies, pregnancy losses, maternal age, hemoglobin levels, and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT). Results revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between the number of pregnancies and pregnancy losses (R² = 0.6489), suggesting increased pregnancy frequency correlates with higher loss risk. A moderate positive correlation (r = 0.534) was observed between maternal age and number of pregnancies. Importantly, a statistically significant negative correlation (r = -0.291) was found between pregnancy frequency and hemoglobin levels, indicating women with multiple pregnancies tend to have lower hemoglobin concentrations, with 67% of women with 6+ pregnancies showing below-normal hemoglobin levels compared to only 12.5% of women with 2-3 pregnancies. The relationship between APTT values and pregnancy losses showed a weak negative correlation (r = -0.147) that was not statistically significant. Distribution analysis revealed 39.3% of participants had APTT values below the reference range, 50% within range, and 10.7% above range. These findings highlight the complex multifactorial nature of pregnancy loss, suggesting that while reproductive history significantly impacts pregnancy outcomes, hematological parameters like hemoglobin levels may provide additional insights for risk assessment. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive, personalized reproductive healthcare that considers cumulative effects of multiple pregnancies on maternal physiology, particularly iron status. These results contribute to the development of more effective risk stratification and preventive strategies in reproductive medicine, though further research with larger sample sizes and additional clinical variables is warranted.