Al powered disease, prevention: Predicting health risks through machine learning for proactive care approaches

Nyavor, Hope (2025) Al powered disease, prevention: Predicting health risks through machine learning for proactive care approaches. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 15 (1). pp. 479-495. ISSN 2582-8185

The shift from reactive to proactive healthcare has underscored the urgent need for innovative solutions that can anticipate disease onset and progression before clinical symptoms manifest. Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML), is transforming preventive medicine by enabling accurate prediction of health risks through data-driven insights. These technologies analyze vast, heterogeneous datasets—including electronic health records (EHRs), genetic data, lifestyle patterns, and environmental exposures—to uncover hidden correlations and risk trajectories with unprecedented precision. This study explores the use of ML algorithms for disease prediction and prevention, focusing on the early identification of high-risk individuals across a range of chronic and non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and certain cancers. Supervised and unsupervised learning models—including decision trees, random forests, support vector machines, and deep neural networks—are employed to forecast health outcomes and recommend personalized preventive strategies. By leveraging longitudinal and real-world datasets, the research evaluates predictive model performance using key metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and AUC-ROC. Emphasis is also placed on model interpretability, fairness, and integration into existing clinical workflows to ensure usability and ethical deployment. Results indicate that AI-powered risk prediction significantly enhances early intervention opportunities, reduces care costs, and supports population health management. The study concludes by proposing a scalable framework for embedding ML-driven predictive analytics into healthcare systems, paving the way for data-informed, proactive, and patient-centered care delivery.