LC-MS in Proteomics and Biomarker Discovery

Farmaan, T. and Bindu, C. Hima and Reshma, T. (2025) LC-MS in Proteomics and Biomarker Discovery. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 14 (3). pp. 900-913. ISSN 2582-8185

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has emerged as a powerful analytical tool in the field of proteomics and biomarker discovery. LC-MS combines the high separation efficiency of liquid chromatography (LC) with the sensitive and specific detection capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS), enabling the identification and quantification of complex protein mixtures in biological samples. In proteomics, LC-MS facilitates the characterization of post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions, and differential protein expression in health and disease states. The technique's high sensitivity and resolution enable the detection of low-abundance proteins, which are often critical for understanding disease mechanisms and identifying potential biomarkers. In biomarker discovery, LC-MS allows for the accurate profiling of disease-associated proteins, leading to the identification of novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets. Advances in LC-MS, such as tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), data-independent acquisition (DIA), and label-free quantification, have further enhanced the depth and accuracy of proteomic analysis. The integration of bioinformatics tools and machine learning approaches with LC-MS data has also improved biomarker validation and discovery. Overall, LC-MS continues to play a crucial role in advancing precision medicine by providing deeper insights into disease pathophysiology and facilitating the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.